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Between 40% and 50% of symptomatic patients reported that they felt handicapped by a postthrombotic syndrome. After 14 years of age thromboembolic events occurred after abdominal surgery or leg injury in one third of patients. Before 14 years of age only 1 of 80 surgical procedures and 0 of 21 leg injuries were followed by thrombosis. The recurrence rate was 63% (60% of recurrent events occurred spontaneously) and did not differ significantly among the three deficiency states. Mesenteric vein thromboses occurred in 4% to 10% of patients and in 2 of 8 patients as a recurrent event.
#1996 risk pc Pc#
The clinical features of thromboembolism were similar in the three deficiency states except for a higher frequency of superficial thrombophlebitis in patients with PC and PS deficiencies. AT-III-deficient females developed thrombosis earlier in life compared with PC- and PS-deficient females due to a high thrombotic risk during pregnancy (40% in patients with AT-III deficiency) and oral contraceptive use. The probability of developing thrombosis was 80% to 90% for all deficiency states by 50 to 60 years of age, and this figure did not change considerably after data from the propositi were excluded. The questionnaires were sent to the coordinating center (Vienna) and analyzed centrally. Clinical data were documented in a questionnaire that was completed during each patient's visit to the participating center. Diagnosis of the deficiency state was made at each participating center. The patient group comprised 69 patients from 25 families with AT-III deficiency, 86 patients from 27 families with PC deficiency, and 75 patients from 19 families with PS deficiency. Two hundred thirty patients from 71 families with a documented hereditary deficiency of a natural coagulation inhibitor were included in the study. The experimental programs confirmed the effectiveness of such fast and low impact methodologies for the definition of design-oriented procedures for retrofit solutions based on advanced composite materials.A cooperative, retrospective study was performed on data from 8 coagulation laboratories and thrombosis units in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to assess the risk for thrombosis in patients with hereditary antithrombin III (AT-III), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) deficiencies to compare the clinical manifestations of these 3 deficiency states and to estimate the risk for development of thrombosis in high-risk situations. An overview of different experimental investigations carried out over the last two decades at the Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture of University of Naples Federico II is presented. This paper outlines the basic principles of advanced materials-based seismic upgrading strategies on existing RC and masonry structures in order to avoid the most common brittle and premature failure modes. The experimental validation of such solutions and the relevant calibration of reliable design formulations for future seismic risk mitigation strategies is the main focus of this work. These remarks have introduced new challenges in the development of novel advanced materials-based strengthening solutions for the seismic upgrading of deficient existing buildings that can be applied wholly from the exterior of the building. In the case of buildings, seismic upgrading performed as prevention measure needs to meet the strict requirement of avoiding people to leave and so being compatible with the daily functions during works execution: therefore, this crucial aspect has to control the conceptual design of retrofit interventions. Applications of advanced materials for retrofitting and upgrading existing structures have been rapidly grown in past years because of their several advantages with respect to traditional strengthening systems. Existing reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures (particularly buildings and bridges) may be affected by significant deterioration and often need to be upgraded mainly to stop and/or delay material deterioration or to meet the new mandatory seismic design requirements.